Title: Optimization of the energy consumption of an induction furnace for steel billets using a reinforcement learning framework applied to a finite element digital twin

Authors: Sergio Bolívar, Lara Lloret, José A. Sáinz-Aja, Diego Ferreño, Carmela Oria, Estela Ruiz & Miriam Cobo

Journal: Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-026-02933-0

Published: 22 July 2026

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